Phytocannabinoids CBD, CBG, and their Derivatives CBD-HQ and CBG-A Induced In Vitro Cytotoxicity in 2D and 3D Colon Cancer Cell Models.

Phytocannabinoids, compounds found in Cannabis sativa L., are used in oncology and palliative care to reduce the adverse reactions of standard therapies. Cancer patients use formulations of Cannabis sativa L. to manage the anxiety, pain, and nausea associated with cancer treatment, and there is growing evidence that some of them may exhibit anticancer properties. In this study, we tested the anticancer potential of selected cannabinoids CBD (cannabidiol) and its quinone derivative CBD-HQ (cannabidiol hydroquinone), CBG (cannabigerol) and its acid derivative CBG-A (cannabigerolic acid), as well as a combination of CBD+CBG on the colon cancer cell line SW-620. The MTT assay was used to determine the cannabinoids' ability to induce colon cancer cell death. All cannabinoids were cytotoxic at the lowest concentration (3 µg/mL). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranged from 3.90 to 8.24 µg/mL, depending on the substance. Cytotoxicity was confirmed in a 3D spheroidal cell culture with calcein and propidium iodide staining. The amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was examined using a DCF-DA assay. CBG showed the lowest antioxidant activity of all the cannabinoids tested. The level of intracellular ROS decreased only by 0.7-18%. However, CBG-A induced the strongest reduction in ROS level by 31-39%. Our results suggest that cannabinoids represent an interesting research direction with great implementation potential. These preliminary results represent the beginning of research into the potential of these substances for anticancer treatment and underscore the potential for further research.

Short-term safety, function, and quality of life in patients treated with Univers Revers prosthesis: a multicenter 2-year follow-up case series.

BACKGROUND: The use of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) has dramatically increased in recent years with the advent of new prosthesis designs regularly entering the market. We define the rate of local complications during the first 2 years after RTSA with the Univers Revers prosthesis and describe the changes in radiologic outcomes, as well as function, pain, satisfaction, and quality of life. METHODS: This multicenter, prospective case series included rotator cuff tear arthropathy patients who underwent RTSA with the Univers Revers. Incidence percentages of complications and pathologic radiographic changes were documented. Mixed-model linear regression was used to examine changes in range of motion, shoulder function (Constant score, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, Subjective Shoulder Value), and quality of life (EQ-5D-5L [European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 5 Level] and EQ-VAS [EuroQol Visual Analog Scale]). RESULTS: Of 187 patients, 59.4% were women, and the mean age was 75.3 years (range, 56-91 years). Twenty-five percent of patients had a postoperative complication; 5 complications were severe (2.7%, 5 of 187), whereby 2 were implant related (1.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1%-3.8%). The incidence of scapular notching was 10.6% (95% CI, 6.5%-16%). After 2 years, abduction, flexion, and abduction strength improved by 54° (95% CI, 50°-58°), 57° (95% CI, 53°-60°), and 5 kg (95% CI, 4-5 kg), respectively (P < .001), whereas external rotation at 0° (1°; 95% CI, -1° to 3°) did not improve (P = .4). The Constant score improved by 39 (95% CI, 38-41); Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, by 50 (95% CI, 47-52); and Subjective Shoulder Value, by 43 (95% CI, 41-45) (P < .001). Furthermore, the EQ-5D-5L index value improved by 0.31 (95% CI, 0.30-0.33), and the EQ-VAS score improved by 16 (95% CI, 14-18) (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Our case series showed a low complication rate with a consistent clinically relevant and statistically significant improvement across most clinical and patient-reported outcomes for the Univers Revers. Long-term safety requires further investigation.